植被建设在黄土高原水土保持中的意义及其对策

Significance and Strategies of Vegetation Construction on the Loess Plateau

黄土高原是目前世界上水土流失最严重的地区之一。造成水土流失的原因有其本身生态条件脆弱、环境变化的因素,但在人口压力之下,对该地区植被的长期垦殖、破坏有着不可推卸的责任。目前黄土高原地区的原始植被已经荡然无存。退耕还林(草)、恢复植被是治理水土流失、改善生态环境中一项重要的、而且也是极为有效的措施。但由于黄土高原地处干旱、半干旱地区,水资源匮乏,供需矛盾突出,水就成为了该地区植被建设的主要限制因子。因此目前正在实施的退耕还林工程应该依据黄土高原地区不同地带的水分条件而制定合理的植被建设规划,量水而行。

Converting degraded farmlands to forest or grass lands is the best approach to reduce the soil erosion, the most serious ecological disaster faced by Loess Plateau. Located in the arid and semi-arid regions, Loess Plateau is a fragile region with the characteristics of little precipitation and intensive evapotranspiration. Therefore, water is the most important factor limiting the regional socio-economic sustainable development, and the eco-restoration and construction of the region. Water resources utilization and ecological environment situation should be paid much attention by the local governments and scientists, when make a suitable vegetation condtruction strategy in the Loess Plateau.