黄河水电开发区域土地利用与景观格局分析

The Analysis of Land Use and Landscape Pattern in Hydropower Cascade Exploitation Region of the Yellow River

在GIS和RS技术支持下,以黄河上游水电梯级开发区域为研究对象,采用景观生态学数量分析方法,在1977年、1996年、2000年和2006年遥感影像数据的基础上,分析区域30 a来土地利用和景观格局变化。结果表明:除水域和未利用土地减少外,其他土地利用类型均有所增加,其中耕地增加幅度最大;1977-1996年间土地利用变化率最高,2000-2006年间水域面积减少极为剧烈,减少的面积主要流向耕地和草地;研究区景观斑块数和破碎度均逐年增加,景观结构日趋破碎;区域景观异质性在1977-1996年间不断增加,而在1996-2006年间有所减弱。

Based on the remote sensing （RS） images of 1977, 1996, 2000, and 2006, the land use and landscape pattern changes in the areas of cascade hydropower station construction during the past 30 years in the upper reaches of the Yellow River had been analyzed with the geographic information system （GIS） technologies and ecological quantity analytical method. The results indicated that all land use types increased to some extent except watershed and unused land, and the areas of cultivated land increased most significantly. The change rates of land use were the highest between 1977 and 1996. The area of watershed decreased dramatically from 2000 to 2006, and the cause of decrease in watershed area was changing into cultivated and grass land. Both the patch number and fragmentation indices increased in the study area, and the landscape was being more fragmental over a period of 30 years. The heterogeneity in the area exhibited an ascending trend during 1977 to 1996, whereas it decreased from 1996 to 2006.