基于渔区和作业类型的福建近海捕捞能力评价及DEA有效性分级

Evaluation on Fishing Capacity in the Fujian Inshore Fishing Based on Fishing Area and Fishing Method and the Effective Classification of DEA

应用数据包络分析法，分别对2001—2006年福建近海捕捞区域、作业类别进行计量比较和有效性分级。结果表明：福建近海捕捞6个地市的年捕捞平均能力利用度变化范围为79．0％～85．8％，平均82．7％，其中以福州和泉州为最高（100％），其次为宁德（91．9％）、莆田（84．4％）、漳州（75．7％）、厦门（44．3％），年平均能力利用度于2005年出现下降。6种作业的年平均捕捞能力利用度为66．3％-75．9％，平均72．3％，其中以拖网、围网和张网为最高（100％），其次为其它（70．6％）、钓具（33．8％）、最低为刺网（31．1％），年平均捕捞能力利用度基本呈逐年持续下降态势。有效性分级的6年平均结果为：福州和泉州为1级，宁德为1．8级，漳州为2级，莆田为2．2级，厦门为3．5级。拖网、围网和张网为1级，其它作业为2级，钓具为3．2级，刺网为3．5级。评价结果揭示，福建近海捕捞能力过剩日趋严重，渔获选择性较低的作业的能力利用度较高，有效缩减过剩的捕捞能力和优化捕捞作业结构，是当前渔业管理中一项极其重要的任务。

The comparison measurement of Fujian inshore fishing area and fishing method was carried out respectively and effective classified by applying DEA method from 2001 to 2006. The results showed that： the annual average of capacity utilization of six offshore cities varied from 79. 0% to 85. 8%, with an average value of 82. 7%. Among them, the capacity utilization in Fuzhou and Quanzhou maintained the highest （ 100% ） , Ningde （91.9%）, Putian （84. 4% ） , Zhangzbou （75.7%） , Xiamen （44. 3% ） was followed, and annual average of capacity utilization in 2005 began to show a fell. Annual average of capacity utilization of six kinds of offshore fishing methods varied from 66. 3% to 75.9%, with an average value of 72. 3%. Among them, bottom trawls, purse seine and set net maintained the highest （100%）, other fishing methods （70. 6% ）, fishing tackle （33.8%） was second, and gillnet （31.1%） was lowest, the annual average of capacity utilization continued to decline year by year. According to the results of effective classification, the average value of 6 years were as follows： Fuzbou and Quanzhou maintained first class, Ningde 1.8, Zhangzhou 2, Putian 2. 2, and Xiamcn 3. 5 ; trawls, purse seine and set net maintained first class and other methods were second class, fishing tackle 3. 2, gillnet 3. 5. Evaluation results suggest that effective reduction of excess fishing capacity and optimize the fishery structure are one of the most important tasks in current coastal fisheries management in our province.