儿童归纳推理的多样性效应研究现状及展望

Diversity Effect and the Research Prospect of Children's Inductive Reasoning

归纳推理具有许多心理效应,如多样性效应、典型性效应和单调性效应等。其中多样性效应及研究方法备受关注,已有研究通过寻找证据、论断力度判别、属性扩展与归宿选择等方法来研究多样性效应。有关儿童归纳推理多样性效应的国内外研究表明儿童的归纳推理主要是受知识经验的影响,而不是受机制问题的影响。人格特质因素和属性可见性对儿童归纳推理多样性也有影响,并且国内外研究结论略有不同,显示多样性效应具有年龄差异与跨文化比较的特点。

Inductive Reasoning has a number of psychological effects, such as the effect of diversity, the typical effect, the effect of monotony. The effect of diversity and research method has been concerned. Research has been adopted by the methods of searching evidence, giving judgments, extending feature, and choosing host. The researches at home and abroad of the child into effect reasoning diversity show that children＇s reasoning is summed up by the impact of knowledge and experience, rather than by the mechanism. Personality traits and attributes visibility of children into the diversity of reasoning also have an impact. Conclusions of the researches are slightly different, showing the effect of diversity has the characteristics of age difference and cross-cultural comparison.