上海市某城区人群抑郁障碍流行病学调查

Epidemiological survey of depression among residents in a community of Shanghai

目的初步调查上海市虹口区社区人群抑郁障碍患病率及其危险因素。方法采用分层随机整群抽样，分别以流调用抑郁量表（CES．D）与DSM-Ⅲ—R定式临床检查（SCID—P）作为筛查与诊断工具。结果共调查5038例，有效问卷5032例。抑郁症状发生率为5．29％；抑郁障碍总患病率为4．31％，其中抑郁症为2．37％、恶劣心境及躯体疾病所致心境障碍分别为1．78％、0．16％。抑郁障碍患者LES总分、负性事件值、家庭有关问题分更高，PSSS更低，均差异有显著性（t=4．91，P〈0．01；t=5．25，P〈0．01；t：5．60，P〈0．0l；t=3．33，P〈0．01）。有抑郁症状者平均年龄高，丧偶、无业或退休、初中及以下文化程度、月收入≤1500元、无业余爱好、性格内向、有抑郁发作史、有严重躯体疾病、有精神疾病家族史比例更高，均差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论抑郁症是一种患病率较高的精神障碍，与多项人口学因素及生活事件和社会支持相关。

Objective To examine the prevalence and the relevant factors of senile depressive disorders in an urban community residents sample. Methods Stratified random cluster sampling was used. Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression（CES-D） and structured clinical interview instrument for DSM-Ⅲ-R （SCID-P） were applied as screening and diagnosis instrument. Results The incidence of depressive symptoms （ CES-D≥16） was 5.29 %. The overall prevalence of depression was 4.31% . The prevalence of dysthymia, depressive state related to physical disease and major depression were 1.78% ,0. 16% and 2.37% respectively. The people with depressive disorder had significant higher score on LES total score,negative score and family problem score,and significant lower PSSS total score（ t =4.91, P 〈 0. 01 ; t = 5.25, P 〈0.01 ; t = 5.60, P 〈0.01; t = 3.33, P 〈 0.01 ）. The factors related to depressive symptoms included age, female gender,low income,low educational level, jobless, introversion, lack of hobby, physical diseases, previous depressive episodes and positive family history of psychosis（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Depression is a psychotic disorder with high prevalence,which is correlated to some socio-demographic factors,life events and social supports.