监督评价的基本原理以及适宜工具和方法的选择

The choice of an appropriate mix of tools and methods:a principal of monitoring and evaluation on health policies,programs and projects

本文概括了用于卫生政策、规划和项目的监督评价的基本原理,系统分析了绩效指标法、逻辑框架法、基于理论的评价法、正式调查法、快速评估法、参与法、公共经费追踪调查法、成本效益和成本效果分析法、影响评价法等常用方法的目的、用途、优点和缺点、所需的成本、技术和时间等特点,作为选择适宜评价方法和手段的基本依据。结论是必须根据卫生政策、规划和项目的目标和内容,以及监督评价方法特点选择搭配,形成科学、系统、综合的监督评价体系。

This paper summarizes the basic principles and elements of monitoring and evaluation （ M ＆ E） on health policies, programs, and projects. Then, it systematically analyses the objectives and applicable implementation, the advantages and disadvantages, the cost required, skill and time needed in the following M ＆ E methods and tools： performance indicators approach, the logical framework approach, theory -based evaluation, formal surveys, rapid appraisal methods, participatory methods, public expenditure tracking surveys, cost -benefit and cost- effectiveness analysis, and impact evaluation. The conclusion is that characteristics of the objectives and activities of health policies, health programs and health projects should be matched with the tools and methods of M ＆ E in order to formulatea scientific, systematic and comprehensive system.