城乡学生屈光不正调查及相关因素研究

Investigation ametropia on urban and rural students and study on the correlative factors

目的了解学生屈光不正患病率及相关因素，分析分布原因及影响因素；为江西省防盲治盲十一五规划提供依据。方法调查了10863名城乡7—18岁学生的屈光状态，调查项目包括视力、验光、眼病筛查、学生的学习情况、学生父母屈光状态及其他相关资料进行调查分析。结果学生屈光不正患病率分别为小学（城市36．4％，乡村18．9％）初中（城市44．1％，乡村20．6％）高中（城市74．5％，乡村32％）两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；主要以近视为主平均占91％。学生屈光不正与父母的屈光状态具有相关性，比较有特异性和敏感性意义。乡村学生课余看电视时间明显多于城市学生。结论城乡学生视力低常的主要原因是近视。影响因素主要是长时间近距离作业，遗传，环境因素等；电视对近视的影响相关性小。

Objective To learn about the prevalence of refractive error in students and its correlative factors, to analyze the reasons of its distribution and the influencing factors, and to provide some basis for the blindness prevention and blindness treatment in Jiangxi Province. Methods The refractive status of 10863 of 7-18 years old students was investigated. The investigation included the visual acuity,the optometry, ocular diseases screening, the students＇ studying situation, parents＇ refractive status and some other data. Results The prevalence of refractive error in students：the primary students （city 36.4%,village 18.9%）;the junior middle school students （city 44.1%, village 20.6% ）;the high school students （city 74.5%, village 32% ）. The comparisons between the two groups had statistical significant difference （P 〈 0.05）. Myopia （91%） was seen in the majority. There are some relationships between the students＇ refractive status and their parents＇. The comparison had specific and sensitive significance. The students in countryside spend much more time watching TV than the students in cities do. Conclusions The main cause of the students＇ low vision is the myopia. The main factors are long time short-distance work, the heredity, the environmental factors, etc. Watching TV has little effect on the myopia.