运动锻炼对30d-6°头低位卧床所致下肢肌肉萎缩及其功能改变的影响

Effects of Exercise Training during 30 d-6°Head-down Bed Rest on Lower Limb Muscle Atrophy and Function Changes

目的观察下肢肌力训练方法和功率车训练方法对30d-6°头低位卧床引起的下肢肌肉萎缩和功能改变的防护效果。方法15名男性被试者分为卧床对照组、下肢肌力训练组和功率车训练组,每组5人,在30d-6°头低位卧床期间,两个运动组共进行了25d(次)训练,下肢肌力训练组每天进行16min的训练,功率车训练组每天进行30min的训练。大、小腿肌肉体积分别于卧床前、卧床第28天和起床后第2天进行了3次测量,下肢等动肌力分别于卧床前和起床后第2、7天进行3次测量。结果与卧床前相比,卧床第28天下肢肌力训练组平均大腿肌肉体积和小腿肌肉体积下降幅度显著低于对照组,功率车训练组的变化介于上述两组之间,两个运动训练组之间没有显著性差别。起床后第2天对照组左膝伸峰力矩、左膝伸平均功和总功的下降幅度显著大于下肢肌力训练组,但是,右膝的变化则不及左膝明显,对照组卧床后不仅同侧下肢屈伸峰力矩不平衡现象明显增加,而且双膝峰力矩不对称现象也明显增加。结论下肢肌力训练方法对于30d-6°头低位卧床引起的下肢肌肉萎缩及其功能改变具有明显的对抗防护效果。

Objective To observe the protective effects on muscle atrophy and function changes with exercise training of lower limb muscular strength and bicycle ergometer during 30 d -6° head-down bed rest （HDBR）.Methods Fifteen men were divided into no exercise control,lower limb muscular strength exercise training and bicycle ergometer exercise training groups,with 5 in each group. Both exercise groups were conducted 25 times exercise training during 30 d -6°HDBR,lower limb muscular strength exercise training group 16 min exercise period everyday and bicycle ergometer exercise training group 30 min exercise period everyday. Exercise training was conducted in the -6° head-down tilt supine position. Thigh and leg muscle volumes were examined before HDBR and on the 28th day HDBR and on the 7th day of recovery. Isokinetic muscle strengthes of the knee extension and flexion were examined before HDBR and on the 2nd day and the 7th day of recovery. Results Descending rate of the mean thigh and leg muscle volumes in lower limb strength exercise group were significantly lower than control group on the 28th day HDBR,bicycle ergometer exercise group between above two groups. There was no significant difference between two exercise training groups. Descending rates of the left knee extension peak torque,extension average work and left knee total work in control group were significantly larger than lower limb muscular strength exercise training group on the 2nd day of recovery,while right knee changes not significant as left knee. Not only significantly increased disequilibrium appearance in the same side flexion/extension of peak torque in control group. The asymmetry appearance on double side peak torques increased significantly in it. Conclusion There is significant protective effect on lower limb muscle atrophy and function decreased with lower limb muscular strength exercise training during 30 d -6° HDBR.