日本产业集群政策分析

On Japan's Industrial Cluster Policies

当前,基于产业集群在促进创新、提升国家竞争力等方面的重大作用,许多发达国家相继出台政策来推动产业集群的发展。日本是较早明确提出产业集群政策的国家之一,主要由METI于2001年提出"产业集群计划",由MEXT于2002年提出"知识集群计划"。这两个计划分别由2006年、2007年开始进入第二阶段,政策效果已初步显现。总体说来,日本的产业集群政策由中央政府提出,由区域机构负责执行,具有明显的"自上而下"特征,政策的核心是促进官、产、学创新网络建设。日本的产业集群政策随实践不断进行调整,并注重对政策效果的评价。日本发展产业集群的政策经验,对中国来讲具有较强的借鉴意义。

Most developed countries have made policies to develope industrial clusters to facilitate national innovation and competitiveness. Japan is among the poineers of industrial cluster policies. METI brought forward the ＂industrial cluster programm＂ in 2001, while MEXT presented the ＂knowledge - based cluster programm＂ in 2002. The two programms have stepped into their second stages in 2006 and 2007 respectively, both with primarily acknowledged effects. In general, the Japnese cluster policie are made by central government and are carried out by regional branches, presenting typical ＂top- down＂ features. The main focus is to develope a government -university -enterprise innovation network. Moreover, the cluster policies are dynamically adjusted to the changing situations, with performance assesment highly emphasized. Japanese experiences in the development of industrial clusters may have useful implications for China.