我国经济欠发达地区农村社会养老保险制度的构建

The Establishment of the System of Rural Social Pension Insurance in Underdevelopment Regions in Our Country

与发达地区相比,我国经济欠发达地区农村养老保险发展十分缓慢,覆盖面极其有限。实际上,经济欠发达地区的农民最需要社会养老保险,因为他们的基本生活需求没有保证,这些地区未富先老特征更为明显,传统的保障功能在弱化。然而,源于农民收入低,增长慢,支付保险费的能力弱;集体经济薄弱,无法为农民养老保险提供资金支持;地方财力单薄,难以全面提供以政府为主的养老基金融资;经济欠发达地区农民获得社会养老保险能力又最弱。为此,应将经济欠发达地区农村社会养老保险作为建设覆盖城乡居民社会保障体系的推进重点,变政府扶持为财政拨款,并向经济欠发达地区倾斜;大力进行宣传教育,让农民充分了解参加社会养老保险的必要性。

Compared to the developed regions in our country, the growth of rural social pension insurance in underdevelopment regions is very slow and the coverage of it is very limited. In fact, the social pension insurance is urgently needed in such areas, because there is no guarantee of their basic life requirement and the feature of ＂aging before wealthy＂ is more obvious there. There are several reasons ： first of all, the farmers＇ income is very low and their ability of premium payment is very weak ; second, rural collective economy is too weak to provide insurance funds for the farmers; third, the local financial power is so limited that the government cannot provide the pension insurance funds. Therefore, developing the rural social pension insurance in underdevelopment areas should be the most important in establishing the social security system covering all residents in rural and urban areas. The main thoughts are transforming government support to financial provision, inclining to the underdevelopment areas, and at the same time promoting propaganda and education in order to let them understand the essentiality of participating the social pension insurance.