冬季南海北行航线分析

Analysis of Northern Routes on South China Sea in Winter

利用多个卫星高度计融合资料，分析了南海冬季（1月）3年（2006～2008年）平均的风场特征和海况条件。结果显示：南海东北部和台湾海峡、巴士海峡的风力和浪高都最大，其次是南海西南部海域的风力和浪高较大，其余海域的风力和浪高较小。根据这些特点，从船舶航行的安全性和经济性上考虑，设计了南海冬季北行的4条航线：从马六甲海峡直接行驶到台湾海峡的最短航线、躲避南海西南部大风大浪区和台湾以南的大浪区的航线、躲避台湾海峡的大风而绕行台湾以东的航线以及比较安全但是航线很长的航线。船长可以根据南海冬季大风大浪的情况选择避风航行的最佳航线。H轮在2005年1月行驶到南海时躲避大风大浪的实例说明大风大浪对船舶安全性的影响非常显著。

The average characteristics of wind fields and sea conditions in 2006, 2007, and 2008 and sea conditions on South China Sea （SCS） in winter （January） are analyzed by using the merged data from four satellite altimeters. Both wind force and wave heights were the biggest on the northeastern SCS, the Taiwan strait and the Bashi strait, and the second in the southwestern SCS. According to these characteristics, considering the security and economy, four routes are designed for vessels： （1） the shortest route, from the Malacca strait to the Taiwan strait directly; （2） the route to avoid the gales and high waves on the southwestern SCS and the sea area south of Taiwan; （3） the route bypassing Taiwan from east to avoid the gales on the Taiwan strait; （4） the safest but farthest route. It is obvious from the example of the ship MV H that gales and high waves affect greatly the security of the vessels.