论马克思政治经济学的四个基础性概念及其作用

On the Four Basic Conceptions of Political Economics Created by K. Marx

马克思主义政治经济学是科学的理论体系,其中"商品"、"劳动二重性"、"剩余价值"和"资本"是四个基础性概念。马克思以此为基础,深入研究商品与劳动、商品与货币、劳动与价值、劳动与资本、资本与剩余价值,以及生产、交换、分配、消费等资本主义生产关系,创立和发展了"商品及货币理论"、"劳动价值理论"、"剩余价值理论"、"资本理论"等主要理论,从而构建了完整的马克思主义政治经济学理论体系,阐明了资本主义生产关系的实质,揭示了资本主义发展的历史趋势。

Marxist political economics is a scientific theoretical system, in which the commodity, dual labor, surplus value and capital are four basic conceptions. On the above four conceptions, Marx deeply studied the capitalist production relations, such as the relation between commodity and labor, commodity and money, labor and value, labor and capital, capital and surplus value and production, exchange, distribution and consumption, thus he created and developed the main theories such as those of ＇commodity and money＇ , ＇labor value＇ , ＇surplus value＇ and ＇ capital＇ , thereby created the complete theory of Marxist political economics, expounded the essence of the capital production relation, exposed the historic development tendency of capitalism.