我国主要煤炭基地的生态脆弱性评价与类型分析

EVALUATION AND TYPES ANALYSIS ON ECOLOGIC FRAGILITY OF CHINESE COAL

针对我国绝大多数煤炭基地生态环境脆弱的局面,研究在文献分析和实地调研的基础上,建立生态脆弱性评价指标体系,对我国主要煤炭基地的生态脆弱性进行评价和类型分析。研究发现,我国大多数煤炭生产基地处于生态环境脆弱区,其中陕北和神东基地的生态环境极度脆弱,黑东、鲁西的生态环境较好。根据不同基地各生态要素对生态脆弱性总体得分的贡献率,判断不同基地的主要生态约束因素与约束程度,可以将我国煤炭基地分为水土因素交互作用型、地质不稳定和地面塌陷约束型以及生态功能约束型三种类型。最后针对不同的生态约束类型区,提出未来我国煤炭基地的生态建设措施。

As much of the Chinese coal resource was located in Shanxi, Shaanxi province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region whose ecologic environment were relatively fragile, the coal exploitation and development here will easily have the bad impact on local water resource, soil erosion, plant and earth surface. In this paper, we established the evaluation index system on ecologic frangibility based on literature review and field work, and analyzed types and degree of the impact of coal development on local ecologic environment. It was found that most coal bases in China were with the high degree of ecologic fragility, in which Shaanbei and Shendong were with very high degree of ecologic fragility, and Heidong and Luxi were with well ecologic situation. Further, Chinese coal bases could be divided into three types according to their ecologic fragility contributor, which include water- soil interaction type, tional restriction type. Hence, impact of coal development on geologic structure unstable and surface sink type, and ecologic funcwe put forward that it should strengthen the scientific research on the local ecologic environment, improve the technology of coal exploration and development, and restrict the produce capacity of coal base which was under week ecologic background.