上海城市绿地宜人性对房价的影响

Impact of the Amenity Value of Urban Green Space on the Price of House in Shanghai

城市绿地是城市绿色基础设施,具有重要的自然生态和社会文化功能。以快速城市化的大都市上海为例,通过收集的689个房屋样点数据,基于GIS空间分析功能,采用享乐价格模型,选择房屋结构、可达性、面积和景观指数四大类共23个因子,定量分析了上海主要城市绿地类型对房屋价格的影响,从而定量表征了城市绿地的宜人性,并对影响房屋价格的其他主要因子进行了分析比较。研究结果表明:(1)城市绿地具有显著的宜人性,其空间分布、面积、类型对房价具有显著影响,但绿地影响作用的大小不同,如公园绿地可达性的影响最大,而广场绿地可达性的影响则较小;(2)居民已具有明显的接近城市绿地居住的愿望,从而开始形成围绕大型城市绿地的社会分异;(3)景观指数对房价的影响(聚集度指数对房价有显著影响)表明城市绿地的组成结构也是影响房价的重要因子;(4)房屋的结构特征(如面积、建设年代与装修程度等)是房价的内在的基础影响因子,而房价的外在重要影响因子除城市绿地外,还包括到市中心的时间、到最近地铁站的时间、到最近公共服务设施(如医院和学校)的时间等。城市绿地宜人性分析可为城市规划者和决策者在进行城市绿地空间规划、城市发展战略规划时提供科学的依据和参考,以促进城市有序发展和社会和谐。

The basic green infrastructure in urban areas,urban green space typically performs important ecological and socio-economic functions.It is the most important spatial type in the urban planning construction.As the spatial base of the harmony between human and nature in urban area,urban green space is a spatial adjuster that improves the structure and function of urban system and is viewed as an important spatial carrier to guarantee the sustainability of urban development. In this study,Shanghai city was chosen as a case.Based on 689 resident samples,by the support of spatial analysis function of GIS,the amenity value of urban green space was estimated through twenty three variables out of four types of factors（house structure,accessibility,area,landscape metrics） using Hedonic Price Model（HPM）.The results showed that：（1） urban green space had amenity value,and the spatial distribution,size and types had significant influence on the price of house,but the influence was different;（2） the residents had the trend to live close to green space,and then there was a ring social pattern around the large green space;（3） the influence of landscape metrics on house price indicated that the pattern of green space was also an important factor;（4）the characters of house structure such as size,age are the basically internal factors,while the extrinsic factors comprise the time to urban center,to the nearest hospital,college,Metro station,in addition to urban green spaces.The amenity value analysis on green space can put forward useful information and reference which can be used for the urban green space plan and urban development strategy plan by urban planners and policy-makers.