半干旱区采煤沉陷对地表植被组成及多样性的影响

Effects of coal mining subsidence on vegetation composition and plant diversity in Semi-Arid Region

对神府—东胜矿区6个矿3种不同地貌下2个不同沉陷年份及对照区地表植被进行了调查,计算并分析了各样地植物种的重要值、物种多样性指数和均匀度等。结果表明:(1)神府—东胜矿区植物种类总体上来看较为稀少,生态较为脆弱;在调查区内共出现植物30科82属114种。(2)6个矿中以上湾、大柳塔和活鸡兔3矿区植物种类较丰富,补连塔和乌兰木伦矿区物种相对单一。(3)经沉陷干扰后,植物群落主要组成成分没有发生明显变化,群落的建群种没有改变;除生态十分脆弱的乌兰木伦矿区外,其余矿区地表沉陷后物种多样性与对照相比没有显著性差异;(4)沉陷后群落组成成分较沉陷前增多,且沉陷1年区比沉陷当年区物种数多,它们之间具有明显的相关性。

This research focused on the investigation into the vegetations of coal mine subsided areas of Shenfu-Dongsheng Coal Mine Region in different years and landforms.Based on the data obtained from the field survey,importance values of the plant species and plant diversity indexes were calculated.The findings showed that plant species in the region were relatively poor because of the fragile ecological environment.There were 114 species found in the investigated areas belonging to 82 genera,30 families.The plant species in Shangwan,Daliuta and Huojitu mines were richer than those in Bulianta and Ulan-mulun mines.After subsiding disturbance,the main components and the constructive species of the plant communities did not changed.Species diversities in all mining areas,except Ulan-mulun mine where the ecological environment is much more fragile,showed no significant differences.Numbers of plant species in subsided plots were more than those in the undisturbed areas.Numbers of plant species in the plots subsided within 1 year were more than those in the plots of subsided for 1 year,which indicated that the ground subsidence caused by coal mining slightly influenced the community composition within short period.