职高学生体格检查异常心电图发生情况分析

Vocational school student physical examination analysis of the incidence of abnormal ECG

目的:分析比较职业高中学生体格检查中异常心电图的分布与变化趋势,为心血管病流行病学的研究和早期预防心血管疾病提供依据。方法:分析918例职业高中学生体格健康检查心电图资料,从异常心电图的分布、性别差异、心理障碍和情绪应激情况进行分类统计,并对异常心电图的学生进行问卷调查,根据不同情况由"双心门诊"进行健康处方,然后进行心电图复查,将复查结果予以横向及纵向比较。结果:①各项异常心电图所占比例健康处方前后分别为窦性心律失常43.2%、17.3%;其他心律失常8.9%、14.4%;ST-T异常25.4%、34.6%;Q-T间期变化3.8%、3.9%;传导阻滞9.8%、14.4%;左室R波高电压7.0%、11.5%;其他1.9%、3.9%。②窦性心律失常健康处方前后变化明显,经统计学处理,P<0.05,其他项目变化不明显;③ST-T异常、左室R波高电压学生中,具有家族冠心病史、糖尿病史、体重偏重、血压偏高等;④各项异常心电图男女比率,男性>女性。结论:情绪应激与心血管疾病心电图异常变化密切相关,异常心电图变化以窦性心律失常最常见,心血管疾病具有遗传性和年轻化发展趋势,且男性异常心电图明显高于女性。

Objective：To analyze and compare vocational high school students in physical examination of the distribution of abnormal ECG changes, for cardiovascular disease and early epidemiological studies provide the basis for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Methods：Analysis of 918 cases of occupational medical health examination of high school students electrocardiogram data from the distribution of ECG abnormalities, gender differences in mental disorders and emotional stress to conduct statistics of abnormal ECG and a questionnaire survey of students, according to different situations by the ＂double-heart patient＂health prescription, and then proceed to review the ECG will be reviewing the results of comparison for horizontal and vertical. Results： （1）The proportion of abnormal ECG prescription health disorders before and after sinus rhythm were 43.2%, 17.3%; other arrhythmia 8.9%, 14.4%; ST-T abnormalities 25.4%, 34.6%; Q-T interval changes in 3.8%, 3.9%; block 9.8%, 14.4%; left ventricular R-wave high-voltage 7.0%, 11.5%; other 1.9%, 3.9%. （2）Sinus rhythm before and after the changes in prescription health disorders marked by the statistical analysis, P〈0.05, other indicators did not change significantly; （3） ST-T abnormalities, left ventricular R-wave high-voltage students with family history of coronary heart disease, history of diabetes, more weight, high blood pressure, etc.; （4）The ratio of men and women of the abnormal ECG male more than female. Conclusion： Emotional stress and cardiovascular disease are closely related to ECG changes, abnormal changes in ECG to sinus rhythm the most common disorders, cardiovascular diseases and genetic development trend of younger, male and female is significantly higher than abnormal electrocardiogram.