古村镇历史文化资源的再生营造与体验化开发

The reconstruction and exploitation of the historic and cultural resources in ancient villages and towns

通过采用对比分析等方法对聚落环境、街巷风貌、民居建筑、历史文脉、传统氛围保存较好的古村镇这不可多得的文化旅游资源进行探讨,认为古村镇不仅具有旅游观光的审美价值,更有着历史文化、民俗文化、建筑文化和人文教育等多方面的综合价值。各地古村镇旅游开发中不同程度地存在着盲目开发、过度开发、产品单调、项目同构、商业味过浓、忽视村民生活感受、忽视游客体验需求等现象,严重制约着古村镇的科学保护和可持续利用。研究表明:原生态型开发、次生态型开发、博物馆式开发和文化移植型开发等开发形态各有所长,政府主导型、项目公司型、经营权出让型、村民自发型等开发模式也各有不足,后续跟进的古村镇开发应因地制宜地选择自己的开发模式,注重当地居民的积极参与,注重古村镇历史文化资源科学合理的再生营造,注重游客的体验需求和休闲需求增长,独具特色地进行体验化、休闲化综合开发,充分满足旅游者的观光、休闲和体验需求,从而获得古村镇历史遗产的科学保护与文化资源可持续开发利用的双赢。

Ancient villages and towns are to be a rare cultural -tourism resource since it came into being in ancient times in the form of settlements where there are unique scenery of streets, lanes and residential buildings. Its marvelous differences are also marked by the well - conserved cultural and traditional environment. Therefore, these villages and towns are not only valuable in terms of sightseeing but also important in defining the comprehensive val- ue of history and culture, folk - custom, art of architecture and humanity education. Scientific conservation and sustainable development of ancient villages and towns in China are seriously restricted by blind and over - exploitation, monotony of products, isomorphic projects, over - commercialized development, ignorance of villagers＇ life experience and of travelers＇ expectation of visiting experience. There are advantages and disadvantages for every ex- ploitation model no matter it is original ecology - based exploitation, hypo - original ecology - based exploitation, museum - like exploitation, culture - migration type, government - guiding type, project type, management power remised type, or villagers＇ spontaneous exploitation type. So future exploitation of ancient villages and towns should adopt the most appropriate way of development according to the location and other related conditions. Meanwhile, more attention should be paid to villagers＇ active participation in the exploitation, the regeneration construction of historic and cultural resources and the increasing expectation of visitors＇ traveling experience, so it is not only possibe to scientifically conserve the historic relics but also to make sustainable exploitation of cultural resources.