摘要
目的探讨大学生非形式推理特点。方法以结构不良问题为论题,运用实验法和临床访谈法测量辩手和非辩手的非形式推理能力。结果辩手和非辩手对各类推理结构的应用比例有显著的差异,辩手所给出的我方理由、他方理由和他方理由反驳数量显著多于非辩手;二者都存在着我方偏差,但我方偏差指数无显著差异;除可靠性外,辩手在推理内容的独创性和批判性上的得分都显著高于非辩手,非辩手的概念表征错误和推理中断显著多于辩手;辩手给出的理由、关系和结论反驳数量显著多于非辩手。结论普通大学生的非形式推理水平要低于大学生辩手,组织大学生参加对有争议问题的辩论或讨论活动是提高学生非形式推理能力的有效途径。
Objective To explore the characteristic of college students' informal reasoning. Methods Ill-structured problem tests were administered to all the participants by experiment and clinical interview method. Results Significant difference was found between debaters and non-debaters in the usage of reasoning structure. The debaters and non-debaters showed significant difference in the genoration of myside reasons, other-side reasons and rebuttals to other-side reasons; No significant differences were found in myside bias index between the debaters and non-debaters; Except for reliability, the debaters achieved more scores in creativeness and criticalness of the reasoning content than the non-debaters; The non-debaters scored more concept representa- tion mistakes as well as reasoning distortion than the debaters; The debaters generated more conclusion-based, relation-based and premise-based objections than the non-debaters. Conclusion The debaters' informal reasoning ability are higher than the non-de- baters, so the debating and discussion activities are effective way to improve students' informal reasoning ability.
出处
《中国健康心理学杂志》
2009年第7期851-854,共4页
China Journal of Health Psychology
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地基金资助(06JJDXLX001)
关键词
大学生
辩手
非辩手
非形式推理
College students
Debaters
Non-debaters
Informal reasoning