关于麦克斯韦速率分布律教学的几点思考

Maxwell Speed Distribution Law on Teaching

麦克斯韦速率分布律是气体分子运动论的中心内容,是大学物理气体动力学理论中讲授的一个难点,公式抽象、繁难不易理解.本文从分布函数的意义及速率分布曲线讨论了麦克斯韦速率分布律的基本特征和成立条件,并由此得到平衡态下气体分子的最概然速率、平均速率、方均根速率等三种统计速率及其物理意义.

Maxwell Speed Distribution Law is the core of Kinetic Theory of Gases,and a difficult point of Dynamic Theory of Gas in college physics with abstract formulas,which is excluded from understanding.In this paper we discussed the basic feature and the establishment condition of Maxwell Speed Distribution Law from the significance of Distribution Function and Speed Distribution curve,and therefroe we obtained three statistical speeds of gas molecule under the condition of Equilibrium State,which are Most Probable Speed,Average Speed and Root-mean-square speed,and their physical meanings.