辐照小麦花粉的诱变效应

THE INDUCTION EFFECT OF IRRADIATION ON WHEAT POLLEN

应用５Ｇｙ、１０Ｇｙ、２０Ｇｙ和３０Ｇｙ６０Ｃｏγ射线辐照４个小麦品种（品系）的成熟花粉，研究其杂交当代籽粒的发育，Ｍ１的生理损伤及Ｍ２的诱变效应。结果表明，１０Ｇｙ辐照小麦成熟花粉的诱变效果好；在Ｍ１中，１０Ｇｙ处理的出苗率为１７１％～７０２％，成株率一般达４０％左右；在Ｍ２中，突变性状有株高、穗长、熟期、颖壳颜色、芒性和育性等。用１０Ｇｙ辐照５４３６８小麦的花粉后自交，早熟突变高达５８７％。从整个试验看，处理小麦花粉的适宜剂量为１０Ｇｙ。

he mature pollen of 4 wheat varieties (lines) were irradiated with 5,10,20 and 30Gy of  60Co γ rays.The induction effect on the grain development of hybrid,the physiological damage of M 1 and M 2 were studied.The result indicated that 10Gy was a suitable irradiation dose for maturing pollen.The seedling rate was 171%～702% and the plant formation rate was about 40% in M 1 with 10Gy irradiation.In M 2,the mutation characters including plant height,head length,maturing date,glume colour and fertility were observed.The mutation rate of early maturing reached 58 7% after self crossing with the 10Gy irradiated pollen.