飞行员招生体检中亮背景下不同对比度视力和反应时间的研究

Study of visual acuity and reaction time at different contrast levels with a bright background for army aviation candidates

目的研究飞行员招生(招飞)体检中正常视力人员在亮背景下不同对比度的视力和反应时间,评估特殊职业选拔时不同对比度视力测量的重要性。方法2007年9月至2007年10月在陕西、甘肃两省参加兰州军区空军招飞体检初检视力达标人员1062例(2124眼),用多功能电子视力测量仪(MFVA-100)在暗室中先后测试亮背景下对比度为100%、25%、10%、5%时的logMAR视力和反应时间,检测值按对比度进行分组。应用SPSS11.5统计软件进行计量资料组间配对t检验及相关分析。结果随对比度的下降,各组视力呈下降趋势,低对比度组视力明显低于高对比度组(P<0.01)。100%对比度组视力与25%、10%、5%对比度组视力呈正线性相关(P<0.01)。随着对比度的降低,各组视力的波动幅度增加,对比度5%时组内波动最大。反应时间随对比度的下降而延长。结论在招飞体检中结合使用视敏度检查和对比度视力检查是有价值的。招飞体检中正常视力人员的对比度视力具有一定特点,能够为军、警等特殊职业的选拔提供依据。

Objective To investigate the visual acuity and reaction time at different contrast levels with a bright background for selecting aviation cadets and to evaluate the significance of different contrasts on visual acuity measurements in the selection of personnel for a career requiring special skills. Methods One thousand sixty-two students （2124 eyes） with normal visual acuity who had been selected as aviation cadets in Shanxi province and Gansu province during 2007-09 to 2007-10 were enrolled, logMAR visual acuity and reaction time were measured at four contrast levels （100%, 25%, 10%, 5%） with a bright background in dark room with a multi-functional visual acuity tester （MFVA-100）. A paired- samples t-test and linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data with SPSS 11.0 statistics software. Results Visual acuity decreased gradually with a decrease in the contrast level. Visual acuity at low contrast was significantly worse than that at high contrast （P〈0.01）. The visual acuity at 100% contrast was linearly related to that of any other contrast level （P〈0.01）. Fluctuating differences in visual acuity and reaction times increased with a decrease in contrast level. Conclusion it is beneficial to adopt a contrast sensitivity test as a supplement to visual acuity examinations in the selection of aviation cadets. The results can provide information to assist in the selection of personnel for some careers requiring special skills.