论侦查制约权的立法配置与实践困境——以意大利法为中心

The Legislative and Judicial Practice on the Distribution of Investigative Power

在刑事诉讼制度中最能体现诉讼模式价值趋向的莫过于侦查制约权的配置模式,1988年的《意大利刑事诉讼法典》引入了许多当事人主义理念,建立起了以侦查法官为核心、检察官职能分立、律师广泛参与的侦查制约体系。然而,由于在这种权力配置模式的设计过程中,起主导作用的是学者和立法者,作为法律实务工作者的司法警察、检察官、法官和律师的意见并未得到充分尊重。立法的缺陷直接导致这种权力配置模式缺乏实践基础,新法运行时间不长就出现了"警官抵制检察官,法官抱怨检察官,律师无所适从"这样一种恶性循环局面。作为深受大陆法系影响的我国而言,对意大利侦查制约体系的转型过程和实践效果进行考察,会给我们思考侦查制约权优化配置这一问题提供启示。

In any pattern of criminal procedure, the form and extent of the restrictions of investigation directly reflect the core idea of the system of criminal procedure, the Italy Criminal Procedure Code of 1988 has introduced many concepts of ＂Adversary pattern＂ existed in Anglo-American law system, however, because of the defects caused by the legislation, this new code is hardly to achieve the desired effect. In 1988 CPP, Italy established a new pattern of configuration in powers of parties participated in criminal procedure. In new criminal procedure, a judge at the core, the separation of the functions of prosecutor, a lawyer involved in a wide range of detection system constraints, however, due to the lack of practice on the basis that this kind of restraint system to run the actual results are unsatisfactory. The criminal procedure of China has been deeply impacted by the Civil Law system, as a result, probe and analyze the transition of Italy＇s system of restricting the power of investigation and its practical results, will give us inspirations to think about the reconfiguration of power to restrict the right of investigation.