我国野生传粉蜂的研究现状与保护策略

Current status on the study of wild bee-pollinators and conservation strategies in China

野生传粉蜂在农业生产和保持生态系统平衡中扮演着重要的角色。全球35%的粮食作物主要依靠蜂类授粉,此外,许多野生植物繁殖也是依靠蜂类为其授粉。由于土地的过度开垦、农药的不合理使用、大气污染、病虫害和单一农业种植模式等各种因素的影响,世界野生传粉蜂的丰富度呈下降趋势,已威胁到生物多样性的完整性以及全球食物链甚至人类的健康。近20年来,我国部分野生传粉蜂资源的开发和利用取得了较大的进展。文章综述了野生蜂资源多样性减少的原因、我国野生传粉蜂的研究现状及存在的问题,并提出了保护野生传粉蜂资源的一些实施策略和建议。

Wild pollinating bees play an important role in farming industry and keeping ecosystem balance. For food supplies in the world, 35% crop plants are animal-pollinated and many wild plants need bee pollination in nature. However, due to intensification of farming practices, indiscriminate use of chemicals, atmospheric pollution, pests and diseases, monocultural planting and so on, the abundance of wild bees is declining in the world, there will be posed threats to the integrity of biodiversity, global food webs and human health. In recent twenty years, exploiting and using of wild bees resources have got rapid advances in China. In this paper, we review the cause of wild pollinators decline, the diversity, the economic and ecological benefits of China＇ s wild bee resources, summarize the current situation and the problems of wild bees used in China, put forward to proposals of the conservation strategies for wild bees resources.