原油在扰动土壤中入渗的实验研究

EXPERIMENT ON INFILTRATION OF CRUDE OIL INTO SOIL COLUMNS

随着国家发展对能源的迫切需求,石油作为我国能源的主要构成之一,其开采和冶炼也在不断地增加。然而由于某些相关管理环节的不完善引发的污染事故日趋增多,其中原油的土壤污染问题尤为严重。为研究原油在土壤中的入渗过程,通过室内土柱模拟实验,测定了原油在土壤中入渗的湿润距离、湿润推进速率与时间的关系以及被原油污染的土壤中残留物的含量。结果表明:对于同一质地土壤,随着容重的增加,原油在土壤中入渗的湿润距离、湿润推进速率和残留物的含量均降低;容重相同而质地不同的土壤,随着粉粒含量的增加,原油在土壤中入渗的湿润距离、湿润推进速率和残留物的含量均表现为降低趋势;原油在土壤中入渗的湿润距离随时间的变化可以用对数函数拟合,湿润推进速率与时间的关系可以用幂函数拟合,均达到显著水平。研究原油在土壤中的入渗对于了解原油在土壤中的迁移有着重要的意义。

With the development of the nation, petroleum has become one major energy source. The industry of oil exploitation and refining is expanding steadily, thus leading to occurrence of more and more pollution events mainly due to irrational management, among which, soil pollution by crude oil is especially serious. In order to understand the mechanisms of the pollution, it is necessary to study crude oil infiltration into soil. In this study soil columns were used to determine relationship of advance distance and advance rate of crude oil into soils with time, and residue of the contaminant. Results indicated that in soils the same in texture, advance distance, advance rate and residue of crude oil decreased with the increase of the bulk density of the soils. But into soils the same in bulk density, the same trend was observed with the increase in silt content. The variation of advance distance of crude oil with time can be described by a logarithmic function, and the advance rate by a power function. The findings in the research on crude oil infiltration in soil columns are of some importance to the study on the transport of crude oil in soils.