延安地区大学生心理健康状况及其影响因素

Investigation on the Mental Heath and Its Influential Factors of College Students in Yan'an

[目的]为了解延安市大学生的心理健康状况,并提出适宜干预措施提高大学生心理健康水平。[方法]采用分层随机整群抽样,抽取大学生1200名,使用SCL-90症状自评量表进行问卷调查。[结果]延安大学生SCL-90分量表的7项因子平均分都高于同期山西省大学生(P<0.05),各因子分≥3检出率在1.27%～7.11%之间,合计为31.30%。各因子分≥3检出率在新生和老生之间存在差异(P<0.01),新生各因子平均得分均低于老生。心理健康状况多因素分析显示,对于老生,就业前景、专业满意度被引进模型;而新生,就业前景、学习压力、专业满意度被引进模型。[结论]延安市的大学生心理健康状况不容乐观,要充分考虑性别、年级和专业的因素,进行择业观教育、学习方法交流,有层次、有区别地开展大学生心理卫生知识讲座,推行心理健康教育,提高延安地区大学生心理健康水平。

[ Objective ] To investigate the mental health status of college students in Yan＇an and to introduce some suitable intervention to raise the mental health level of college students. [ Methods ] By stratified sampling and cluster sampling, an anonymous survey was carried out among 1 200 students with SCL-90. [ Results ] In this investigation, the average scores of seven factors of college students in Yan＇an were all higher than those in Shanxi Province （P 〈 0.05 ）. Detection rates of factors with score ≥ 3 were between 1.27% and 7.11%, total was 31.30%. These detection rates were different between freshmen and old students （ P 〈 0.01 ）, average scores of all factors in freshmen were lower than old students＇ . Muhivariation analysis of mental health status discovered that regarding to old students, the employment prospect and the speciality satisfaction were introduced in the model; but to freshmen, the employment prospect, the study pressure and the speciality satisfaction were introduced in the model. [ Conclusion ] Mental health status of college students in Yah＇ an was not optimistic. It is necessary to fully consider the sex, the grade and the speciality factor, to carry out education of occupational conception and interchange of learning method, and to develop distinctively mental hygiene knowledge course, carrying out mental health education, raising mental health level of university students in Yan＇ an.