光谱发射率测量技术

Review of spectral emissivity measurement

论述了光谱发射率在航天、航空、国防、军事及国民经济各领域中的实际应用和重要意义。材料光谱发射率的影响因素很多,且应用背景差异较大,各国分别建立了各具特色的发射率测量装置。根据测量特点及应用范围,发射率测量方法分4大类:量热法、反射法、能量法和多波长法。针对每种测量方法介绍了基本原理、装置特点、技术指标和发展现状。简单介绍了基于红外傅里叶分析光谱仪建立的光谱发射率测量系统,进而描述了材料发射率在重要领域的具体应用情况。分析了我国目前在发射率测量技术方面存在的问题,展望了我国发射率测量技术的发展趋势和发射率数据库方面的进一步工作。

The practical application and vital significance of spectral emissivity in astronautics, aeronautics, national defense and military have been discussed. Since there are many influence factors on spectral emissivity and its application, a lot of emissivity measurement apparatus in different types have been set up in many countries. According to the measurement characteristic and application scope, the emissivity measurement methods were classified as four kinds, calorimetric, reflection, energy and multi-wavelength method. The basic schematic, apparatus characteristic, technique index and development status were introduced for every method. The emissivity measurement apparatus based on infrared Fourier analysis spectrometer were introduced. The specific applications in the vital fields were described. And the problems existed in our country for the emissivity measurement have been analyzed. Finally, the tendency and future work on data base of the emissivity measurement were forecasted.