东、西方民族主义发生的差异——兼论民族主义发展中的“挑战与应战”模式

The Background Differences between the Emergence of West and East Nationalism——On the Pattern of Challenging and Accepting a Challenge in the Development of Nationalism

国际学界以往侧重研究的是西方民族主义,且多认为其是政治性的、理性的、强有力的;对东方民族主义的研究较少,且认为其是文化的、感性的、易变的。但实际上,东、西方民族主义发生的历史背景有很大不同,东方民族主义是在西方列强的殖民侵略下发生的。这既是"挑战与应战"模式的理论逻辑在东、西方民族主义互动关系中的一种体现,也说明西方民族主义理论的解释框架缺少普适性。

There have been more emphasis employed on the study of west nationalism than on the study of east nationalism, and a consensus is reached which deems the former political, rational, and forceful while the latter cultural, sensational, and changeable. However, there are great background differences between the emergence of west and east nationalism, among them, east nationalism emerged as the result of colonial invasion from the West, which are both the embodyment of the logic of ＂ challenging and accepting a challenge＂ theory, and the illustration of the lack of universality in the interpretative framework of west nationalism.