耕作方式和秸秆覆盖对渭北苹果园土壤保蓄水性能及酶活性的影响

Effect of stubble mulch and tillage managements on apple orchard soil moisture reserves and soil enzyme activity in the Weibei Plateau

研究了耕作和残茬覆盖对果园土壤保蓄水能力及土壤酶活性的影响,设置以耕作(深松、翻耕、免耕)为主处理,覆盖(秸秆覆盖、无覆盖)为副处理的裂区试验,翻耕无覆盖为对照,对比分析了土壤水分贮量、土壤酶活性、苹果产量及品质等性状的影响。结果显示:玉米秸秆覆盖与间隔深松相结合,可以增加苹果园土壤的蓄水和保水能力,降水7 d后测定1 m土层贮水量比免耕不覆盖多62.47 mm,苹果收获后1 m土层内土壤贮水量比免耕无覆盖多9.2%;土壤酶活性增加,特别是表层土壤,效果更加明显(P<0.01);苹果百果重有所增加,比免耕不覆盖百果重增加了16%。在渭北旱源苹果生产基地,采用秸秆覆盖加间隔深松技术能起到较好的保蓄水作用,土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶及蔗糖酶活性明显提高。

To study the effect of conservation tillage on apple orchard in the Weibei plateau, a field study of soil moisture reserves, soil enzyme activity, yield and quality of apple under no tillage, moldboard plowing and subsoiling and two conditions of stubble mulch and no mulch was conducted. The results indicatedthat stubble mulch combined with subsoiling could increase the ability for water storage and preservation. After 7 days of rainfall, the soil water content in a one meter deep profile was 62.47 mm more than that of the treatment of no mulch combined with no tillage. The soil water content was also 9.2% higher than that of the treatment with no mulch combined with no tillage after apple harvest. The soil enzyme activity was improved,especially in the 0 - 20 cm layer （P〈0.01） and quality and weight of apples were improved. The weight of one hundred fruits was 0.9 kg more than that of the treatment with no mulch combined with no tillage. Stubble mulching combined with subsoiling could increase water storage and preservation, as well as fruit quality and yield of apple in Weibei Plateau.