基于GIS的区域公路地质灾害数据模型研究

Research on GIS-based regional highway geological hazard data model

为有效管理地质灾害数据,构建2类数据模型并整合ESR1的Geodatabase数据模型和关系数据库(RDBMS)来存储和管理复杂的区域公路地质灾害数据,确保数据对象的精度与完整性。一类是区域公路地质灾害数据模型,包括地理与社会经济要素数据集、地形与岩性构造要素数据集、水文与气象监测要素数据集、灾害信息与分布要素数据集、群测群防监测网要素数据集及分析与评价结果要素数据集;另一类是公路地质灾害单体工点数据模型,主要包括监测布置网要素数据集、基础属性数据、监测数据和分析数据。采用ArcEngine开发了ArcHgddms来创建这2种公路地质灾害数据模型,并建立了包含空间数据(如矢量数据和栅格数据)和属性数据的公路地质灾害数据库。

This paper is aimed to introduce two geological hazard data models for storing and controlling the complicated data so as to ensure accurate and comprehensive embodiment of all the data items in a geological database, which was created by integrating ESRI Geodatabase With the Relation Database Management System （RDBMS）. The first data model, known as the regional geological hazard data model, may include data sets of geographical and socioeconomic features, those of topographical and lithological features, hydrometeorological features, geological hazards＇ information features in general, those on the mass observation, mass preparedness features as well as hazard-liability forecast maps. Of all the above said data, the spatial data tends to be the key among all the other for the model with the ESRI Geodatabase being an effective tool for controlling such spatial data. The second data model, named individual geological hazard site data model, contains the monitoring network feature datasets, the datasets on the individual hazard sites on general information and the monitoring data concerned while the attribute data serve as the main content of the model. The above said two data models can actually be created through 4 stages： （1） Source data analysis; （2） Hazard data standard establishment; （3） Data model layout; （4） Geological hazard database establishment. In addition, we have also developed a tool, ArcHgddms, while applying the AreEngine to create the two data models. And as a result, we have finally established a geological hazard database integrating the spatial data, such as vector data and raster data, and attribute data.