试评俄罗斯人权全权代表制度

A tentative comment on Russian human rights plenipotentiary representation system

俄罗斯采用的"人权全权代表"(уполномоченныйпоправамчеловека)制度,西方国家称作监察专员制度。1997年生效的俄罗斯联邦宪法性法律——《俄罗斯人权全权代表法》确定的人权全权代表制度是俄罗斯为落实"人权"宪法原则而作出的"最明确"、"最清新"的选择,是俄罗斯行政救济制度的一大特色。俄罗斯人权全权代表有着与其他各类实施行政救济的权力主体不同的法律地位,特别是其享有的审查和申诉权。借鉴俄罗斯的人权全权代表制度,对中国的信访制度进行改造,不失为完善中国行政救济制度的有益之举。

Western countries refer to the human rights plenipotentiary representation(HRPR)system adopted by Russia as a special supervisory system.It is the latest and most explicit option taken by Russia to implement the constitutional law principles on human rights under the HRPR system defined by the Russian HRPR law that took effects in 1997.It is also the major feature of Russian administrative remedy.Russian HRPR has a legal status differing from other categories of administrative remedy power holders in that it is entitled to examination and complaints.Borrowing the experience from the Russian HRPR system to reform the Chinese correspondence and visitation system seems conducive to improving the Chinese administrative remedy system.