普京时期俄新闻检查状况研究

A study on Russian press censorship during Putin period

苏联解体后,俄罗斯选择了西方式的新闻自由,将有关言论自由以及取消新闻检查的条款明确地写在《宪法》与《俄联邦大众传媒法》中。俄罗斯在叶利钦时期也确实经历了一段新闻自由的日子,但作为"第四权力"的大众传媒却越来越多地干涉国家的政治,在很大程度上成了政府的反对派。在这种情况下,整顿俄罗斯传媒市场,将大众传媒的管理权收归国有的重任自然就落在了2000年当选的新一任总统普京的肩上。普京当选俄罗斯总统后,充分吸取了戈尔巴乔夫放弃新闻检查和叶利钦时期舆论失控的教训。普京深刻地认识到,如果想巩固国家政权,必须控制传媒舆论导向。

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union,Russia opted for the Western style of press freedom and made an explicit stipulation on freedom of speech and annulment of press censorship in the Constitution and the Russian Federation's Law on Mass Media.Russia under Yeltsin did experience a period of press freedom,but as the 'fourth holder of power,' mass media became ever more meddled in state politics,forming much of an opposition to the government.Under such circumstances,the heavy mission of regulating Russian mass media markets and nationalizing mass media administration automatically fell on the shoulders of V.Putin who was elected president in 2000.After he took power,Putin fully learned the lessons of Gobechev giving up press censorship and Yeltsin having lost control of the mass media.He deeply realized it was a must to grip their orientation if he was to consolidate state power.