基于GIS和DEA的特大城市空间紧凑度与城市效率分析

Study on the Relationships between Metropolitan Spatial Compact Ratios and Their Efficiencies in China in 1990 and 2000

利用GIS分析工具、数据包络分析方法及Malmquist模型方法,对我国特大城市空间紧凑度、城市效率及其变化,以及它们的相关关系进行深入研究发现:(1)特大城市空间形态呈现出紧凑变化趋势。(2)紧凑度提高的城市数明显多于紧凑度降低的城市数,极高紧凑度和极低紧凑度的特大城市数均呈一定的增加趋势。(3)特大城市效率水平一般,其中,只有少数城市效率达到了效率最优。(4)1990-2000年特大城市效率水平呈现一定的提高趋势,其中城市效率(纯技术和规模效率)呈现弱提高趋势,技术进步和全要素生产率则呈较明显的提高趋势。(5)特大城市的空间紧凑度与城市效率之间存在一定的互动关系:随着特大城市空间紧凑度的提高,城市要素资源的配置和利用水平得到了一定的改善,城市效率提高了;城市空间紧凑度变化率越高,城市效率提高的趋势也越明显,反之,则下降趋势也越明显;(6)城市空间紧凑度变化与城市技术变化不存在互动关系。

The urban spatial compact ratios, economic efficiencies and their relationships of metropolises in China in 1990 and 2000 were investigated in depth using GIS tool, Data Envelopment Analysis（DEA） and Malmquist in- dex models methodologies,which got some significant findings. The findings show： 1 ）The urban spatial compact ra- tios of metropolises in China had changed in evidence during 1990 to 2000, and there were two kinds of trends, that is, the urban spatial compact ratios of a majority of metropolises in China were getting bigger and those of a minority of ones smaller;2）the number of metropolises with greater urban spatial compact ratios was getting larger,and that of those with smaller spatial compact ratios was getting larger,too. And the former is greater than the later;3 ）most of the urban efficiencies of metropolises were not DEA efficient, only some were DEA efficient ;4） the urban effi- ciencies tended to increase（ the average Malmquist indexes are all greater than one）during the period of 1990 to 2000, in which the changes of urban efficiencies, including pure technical and scale ones. were increasing weakly. the technical change and total factor productivity change were more evidently than those of the metropolitan effi- ciencies during the same period ;5 ）the metropolitan spatial compact ratios had positively correlated with their efficiencies,that is, with the increase of the metropolitan spatial compact ratios the urban efficiencies were getting higher and higher, and with the change rates increase of the urban spatial compact ratios, the urban efficiencies change trends were become even more evident,and vice versa;6）there were no correlations between urban spatial compact ratio change rates and urban technical changes of metropolises in China during the same period.