汉语方言中的韵母分调现象

Tonal Distribution of Contrasting Finals in Chinese Dialects

文章把由韵母的元音、韵尾等因素使得声调产生分化的现象称为"韵母分调",把汉语方言中现已发现的韵母分调现象归纳为韵尾分调和元音分调两大类。韵尾分调包括塞尾与非塞尾分调、前塞尾与后塞尾分调、鼻尾与非鼻尾分调、开尾与非开尾分调。元音分调包括长元音与短元音分调、高元音与低元音分调、单元音与复元音分调。文章全面整理介绍了上述韵母分调现象,并作了一些必要的分析。

Tonal distribution of contrasting finals in all Chinese dialects can be reduced to two types based on codas and vowels. Contrasting codas include four subcases, i. e. , stop vs. non--stop, front stop vs. back stop, nasal stop vs. non-nasal stops, and open final vs non--open final. Contras- ting vowels that result in different tones include three subcases, i. e. , long vs. short, high vs. low, and monophthong vs. diphthong. This paper offers a framework in dealing with these tonal diversifi- cation and conducts initial and necessary analyses of them. tonal change by stop codas＇loss in Ru （入） tone,tonal distribution of contrasting codas ＇ phonetic value in Ru （入） tone, tonal distribution of con- trasting nasal codas and unnasal codas, tonal distribution of contrasting syllables with codas and with- out codas. For another, tonal distribution of contrasting vowels consists of tonal distribution of con- trasting long vowels and short vowels, tonal distribution of contrasting high vowels and low vowels and tonal change by monophthong turning into diphthong. This paper puts all sound changes men- tioned above into a new research frame, and gives some essential analyses of them.