昆明市2002年至2008年地下水中“三氮”和细菌学指标的动态分析

Dynamic Analysis of " Three Nitrogen" and Bacteriological Indicators in Groundwater of Kunming during 2002～2008

目的了解昆明市地下水中氨氮、亚硝酸盐(以N计)、硝酸盐(以N计)和细菌总数、总大肠菌群的受污染情况及水质变化情况.方法对昆明市2002年至2008年地下水监测资料1091件的分析,依据GB/T148481993《地下水质量标准》作为评判标准.结果2002至2008年昆明市地下水中氨氮的超标率为19.2%,地下水中亚硝酸盐(以N计)的合格率有下降的趋势,χ2=57.70(P<0.005).硝酸盐(以N计)的含量有上升的趋势(P<0.05).细菌总数和总大肠菌群的合格率均较低,地下水中细菌总数合格率有下降的趋势(P<0.005).结论地下水受到"三氮"和细菌学指标污染后降低了其作为饮用水的水质,对人群健康造成危害.防治对策建议:(1)依法管理;(2)加强对地下水资源的保护;(3)加强地下水基本情况调查;(4)加快对地下水信息资源共享的建设.

Objective To understand the changes of the ammonia nitrogen, the nitrite, nitrate, the total number of bacteria, total number of large intestine fungus group pollution and water quality in the groundwater of Kunming. Methods According to GB/T 14848-1993 ＂Groundwater quality standards＂, we analyzed the collected data of Kunming groundwater during 2002-2008. Results The standard exceeding rate of ammonia nitrogen in groundwater in Kunming during 2002-2008 was 19.2%, the standard pass rate of nitrite was in a downward trend （P 〈 0.005）. The content of nitrate was in a rising trend （P 〈 0.05）. The standard exceeding rate of the total number of bacteria and total number of large intestine fungus group was low and in a downward trend （P 〈 0.005）. Conclusions Groundwater pollution caused by the ＂three nitrogen＂ and bacteriological indicators decreases the quality of drinking water and does affect peoples health. Suggestons （1） to manage according to related law. （2） to strengthen the protection of groundwater resources. （3） to strengthen the basic conditions of the groundwater investigation. （4） to accelerate the sharing of information resources on the groundwater.