单组元发动机——能量自给机器人的新型动力源

Monopropellant-powered Engine——New Power Source for Energy Self-supplying Robots

供能问题是目前制约能量自给机器人广泛应用和进一步发展的关键技术之一。在对能量自给机器人常规储能动力装置进行比较分析的基础上,阐述了单组元推进剂及单组元发动机的基本概念、释能方式和工作特点,并推导出单组元燃料做功能力的基本特征参数。随后,根据能量自给机器人动作行为的不同,综述了国内外正在开展的不同类型单组元发动机的工作原理和研究现状。结合前期开展的单组元发动机和内燃式液压自由活塞发动机的研究工作,指出了单组元发动机的深入研究所需解决的关键技术问题,认为单组元发动机是解决能量自给机器人供能问题的一种值得深入研究的新型动力源。

Power-supply is one of the bottlenecks that restrict the extensive application and further development of energy self-supplying robots. Based on the present investigation of the conventional energy-packets and power-supply systems, the principle, the energy-releasing way and the advantages of monopropellant powered engines （MPEs）, which are dramatically different from the convectional I.C.engines are discussed. The typical working-ability parameters such as the fuel heating values, the expansion coefficient, the adiabatic decomposition temperature as well as the energy density are analyzed by taking high test hydrogen peroxide （HTP） as an example. The research projects and the achievements of the developing MPEs for self-powered robots are described and summarized; the key problems to develop a MPE with the tentative research are presented. It could be concluded that the MPEs are promising and worth researching deeply as power source for energy self-supplying robots.