昆虫基因组及其大小

Insect genomes and their sizes

昆虫基因组大小是由于基因组各种重复序列在扩增、缺失和分化过程中所致的数量差异造成的。这些差异使得昆虫不同类群间、种间和同种的不同种群间表现出基因组大小的不同。目前有59种昆虫已经列入基因组测序计划,其中6种昆虫(黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster、冈比亚按蚊Anopheles gambiae、家蚕Bombyx mori、意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera、埃及伊蚊Aedes aegypti和赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum)的全基因组序列已经报道。有725种昆虫的基因组大小得到了估计,大小在0.09～16.93pg(88～16558Mb)之间。本文还介绍了昆虫基因组大小的估计方法,讨论了昆虫基因组大小的变化及其意义。

The difference of genome size between different insects is due to varieties of duplication of the genome sequence in the amplification, deletion and differentiation. Fifty-nine insect species have been included in genome sequencing projects, whole-genome sequences of six insect species, i. e., Drosophila melanogaster, Anopheles gambiae, Bombyx mori, Apis mellifera, Aedes aegypti and Tribolium castaneum, have been reported. The sizes of 725 insect genomes have been estimated, ranging from 0.09 -16.93 pg （88- 16 558 Mb）. The estimation methods for insect genome size are introduced, and the variation of insect genome sizes and its significance are also discussed.