大庆油田高效降解石油微生物的筛选

Microorganism Screening for High Efficiency Degradation of Crude Oil in Daqing Oilfield

从大庆油田的原油、油田地下水中富集、分离并筛选出以原油为唯一碳源的降解菌14种,并进一步将它们进行复配,研究了其中9组菌对原油不同组分的降解能力。结果表明,原油中不同组分可被降解的程度不同,经初步降解试验,筛选出对原油降解率高的H菌和I菌2组石油降解菌。通过对其降解能力的测试,在摇瓶试验中,这2组菌对原油的降解能力很好,其降解率高达81.58%。气相色谱分析结果表明,原油中的正构烷烃全部降解,iC15、iC16、iC18、姥鲛烷、植烷等异构烷烃也基本降解。此结果表明,这2组降解菌对原油的降解具有很好的效果,有较好的应用前景。

14 kinds of bacteria were separated and screened,sole carbon sources were isolated from the crude oil and ground water in Daqing Oilfield,and then mixed them with each other,9 groups from them were further studied on their ability of degradation for different components of the crude oil.The results show that different components have different degrees of degradation.With preliminary degradation test,2 degrading groups have high degradation rates,and these 2 groups (H & I)are further studied on their ability of degradation for oil,H & I were found with the strongest ability to degrade oil,in which the degradation rate is as high as 81.58%.The results of gas chromatography show that n-alkanes in the crude oil are degraded completely,iC15,iC16,iC18,Pristane,Phytane,etc.iso-alkanes are basically degradated,and the effect is higher with good prospects.