水力压裂的几个新进展

Some New Advances in Hydraulic Fracturing

综述了水力压裂机理的最新研究成果和缝端脱砂压裂的原理及其应用．压裂机理是水力压裂的重要组成部分，包括裂缝起裂和裂缝延伸机制．不同注入排量和不同完井方式下直井、斜井和水平井的裂缝起裂机制不尽相同，取决于时间效应，规模效应和应力状态，而流体滞后，端部膨胀，过程区和连续伤害机理则从不同方面考虑了裂缝延伸的一些重要影响因素．八十年代提出的缝端脱砂压裂则拓宽了常规水力压裂的应用范围．在介绍缝端脱砂压裂原理和设计方法的基础上，说明了缝端脱砂压裂在解堵、增产和油藏管理上的应用，重点阐述了缝端脱砂压裂和砾石充填相结合，用于高渗透或疏松地层的防砂．

The advances of hydraulic fracturing (HF) mechanism and the applications of tip screenout fracturing (TSOF) are reviewed.The fracture initiation mechanisms of vertical,deviated and horizontal wells are not completely alike under different injection rates and different completion methods,which depend on the time effect,scale effect and stress state.Fluid lag,tip dilatancy,process zone and continuous damage mechanism are some important factors influencing fracture extension.Tip screenout fracturing presented in 1980's develops the applications of conventional HF.After the principles and the design methods of TSOF are introduced,its applications are stated in damage removal,production increase and reservior management,specially in the sand control of moderate and high permeability reservoirs by the combination of TSOF with gravel pack.