烃类加氢异构化及加氢异构裂化催化剂的研究开发

Research and Development of Hydroisomerization and Hydrocracking Catalysts In Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics

综述了中国科学院大连化学物理研究所烷烃加氢异构化和加氢异构裂化反应催化剂的研发历程、工业应用及对我国石油炼制工业所做的贡献.1960年代,大连化学物理研究所在烷烃加氢异构化的研究中提出了"电子-酸性催化剂杂交规律",并相继成功研发石蜡基重油加氢异构裂化催化剂和重油单段加氢异构裂化催化剂,并应用于从大庆石蜡基原油馏分生产低冰点航空煤油.重油单段加氢异构裂化催化剂在大庆炼油厂建成的40万吨/年加氢异构裂化装置工业应用已20多年,创造了巨大的经济和社会效益.进入21世纪,大连化学物理研究所又开发出了以分子筛为载体的润滑油基础油加氢异构脱蜡催化剂,于2008年在中国石油大庆炼化公司建成20万吨/年的工业装置实现工业化应用.

The research and development of catalysts and catalytic processes for hydroisomerization and hydrocracking of petroleum feedstocks in Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics （DICP） are described. In the 1960s, on the basis of extensive investigations, DICP researchers summarized a series of rules for governing the preparation of hydroisomerization and hydrocracking catalysts. By utilizing these rules as guidelines, DICP investigators have developed hydrocracking catalysts suitable for use in a single-stage process of vacuum gas oil hydro- cracking. The catalysts as well as the process were then commercialized successfully in the first hydrocracking unit of China, which was constructed in Daqing Refinery with a capacity of 400 kt/a in 1967. Starting from 2000, DICP investigators have developed new generations of zeolite-based hydroisomerization catalysts, which were deployed in the 200 kt/a isodewaxing unit of Daqing Refining and Chemical Co. for base-oil feedstocks in 2008.