意向、行动与情境——阿弗莱德·舒茨的社会现象世界

Intention,Action and Situation:Afred Schutz's World of Social Phenomena

基于对马克斯.韦伯的社会行动理论有许多不满意,阿弗莱德.舒茨开始用现象学的方法进行社会学的研究。但他不是从事具体的微观社会现象分析,而是建立了一种现象学的社会学本体论。在他的《社会世界的现象学》一书中,舒茨细致入微地从韦伯的"行动"概念出发,对行动与行为、意向与意义、动机与理解、情境与自我等做了鞭辟入里的分析。他所提出的目的动机与原因动机、面对面关系、同时代人世界、汝取向、他人取向、隐匿化等概念都给我们带来了深刻的启发。

Afred Schutz began his sociology studies by the method of phenomenology owing to his dissatisfying with some ideas of Max Weber＇s social action theory. Schutz did not engage in analysis of micro social phenomena, but established a phenomenology＇s social ontology. In his work, The Phenomenology of the Social World, Schutz analyzed a lot of concepts, such as action and behavior, intention and meaning, motive and understanding, situation and ego from Weber＇s concept of ＂social action＂. And such notions as aims and motive, cause and motive, face- to- face motive and understanding, social world of contemporaries, Thou- orientation and Other- orientation as well as anonymization all brought us profound enlightenment.