二元结构:农村小学的办学模式考察

Dualistic Structure: the Running Patterns of a Rural Primary School

本文对九年义务教育体制下的一所普通农村小学进行了历时性考察。小学呈现一种二元结构的办学状态,村庄搭平台,国家办教育。办学是政府的事情,又是村庄自治的公共事务,小学与村庄政治经济发生着复杂的互动:办学的直接决策者是村庄;学校可能会被村民用来表达自身利益;经济环境的变化通过家庭(观念、支付能力)作用于学校。完整的学校教育同时受到国家正式制度和非正式的乡村结构的影响。

The paper offers a diachronic case study of the rural compulsory education in a primary school. The primary school is jointly run by the state and the village, thus creating a dualistic structure in operation. The school was built by the village but education is chiefly sponsored by the government. Running the school is the duty of both the government and the village＇s the autonomous self-rule, giving rise to a complicated web of school vs. socioeconomic interactions. To build the school or not was decided by the village, and villagers may resort to the school to express and maintain their own interests. Meanwhile, changes in the economic environment exert an impact on the school in virtue of the family （notions and funding, etc. ）. The schooling is, of course, shaped by the official institution and informal rural structure.