“5·12”四川汶川特大地震绵阳应急救灾人员症状测评结果分析

Study on symptoms evaluation results of emergency rescue workers in Mianyang-Wenchuan Earthquake

目的对绵阳重灾区救灾人员进行心理测评,为增进心理健康提供科学的依据。方法 2008年5月12日四川汶川发生8.0级特大地震。震后30 d内,调查分三组在绵阳重灾区利用症状白评量表(SCL-90)对600名救灾人员进行了测试,并与1999年文献发表的19 662名军人常模结果及1986年文献发表的1388名中国正常人常模结果进行比较,判断总均分和各因子分值的差异,统计阳性项目,分析影响因素。结果 (1)在地震应急期,救灾人员SCL-90总分均低于军人常模和地方常模结果(均P<0.01);(2)救灾人员心理健康问题主要表现为身体症状(1.22±0.29)分,强迫症状(1.29±0.36)分;(3)救灾人员心理健康与救灾地区和军人文化程度呈正相关(r_1=0.29,r_2=0.15,P均<0.01),与参加救灾天数呈负相关(r=-0.28,r<0.01)。结论在地震应急期,救灾人员心理健康状况较好,但躯体症状和强迫症状等心理问题突出。参与救灾时间、救灾地区和救灾人员受教育程度是影响心理状态的主要因素。

Objective We gave a psychological evaluation for emergency rescue workers in Mianyang in order to provide a scientific basis for promotion of mental health. Methods In 30 days after Wenchuan Earthquake, 600 emergency rescue workers were divided into 3 groups by SCL -90 in Mianyang hardest hit areas, compared with the norm results of 19 662 soldiers in literature released in 1999 and the norm results of 1338 Chinese normal people in literature released in 1986. We defined the differences between the total share and the factor scores, counted positive items and analyzed the influencing factors. Results （ 1 ） In the earthquake emergency period, the SCL - 90 total scores of emergency rescue workers were lower than that of norm soldiers and the local norm people（P 〈0. 01 ）. （2）The mental healthy problems of emergency rescue workers were mainly Physical symptoms （ 1.22 ± 0. 29 ） and obsessive - compulsive symptoms （ 1.29 ± 0. 36）. （ 3 ） Mental health of rescue workers was positively correlated with disaster area and their educational level（ r1 =0. 29 ,r2 =0. 15 ,P 〈0. 01 ）, and was negatively correlated with the number of days to take part in disaster relief（ r = - 0. 28,r 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion In the earthquake emergency period, mental health of rescue workers is normal, but their physical symptoms and obsessive - compulsive symptoms are prominent. The time to take part in disaster relief, disaster area and emergency rescue workers＇ educational level are the main factors which influence their mental health.