4483例慢性非传染性疾病回顾性调查分析

Retrospective study on 4483 cases of chronic non-communicable diseases

目的了解对人体健康造成危害的五类慢性非传染性疾病及其影响程度,探讨各种危险因素。方法随机整体选择2002年6月至2005年6月在笔者所在医院住院首次确诊为慢性非传染疾病(冠心病、糖尿病、脑梗死、恶性肿瘤、慢性阻塞性肺病)患者4483例,分别按年龄、性别、职业进行统计。结果其中男性患者占57.06%,女性患者占42.94%,男:女=1.33:1。糖尿病患者(占42.76%)居第1位,其他依次为冠心病(占16.04%)、恶性肿瘤(占15.17%)、脑梗死(占13.18%)和慢性阻塞性肺病(占12.85%)。其中糖尿病、恶性肿瘤和冠心病有年轻扩大化的趋势,较国内其他报道略高。本资料也表明存在明显的城乡差别,干部和工人的患病例数明显高于农民。结论五类慢性非传染性疾病的发生,除了生物遗传因素和环境污染日益严重以外,主要还与人们的行为危险因素有密切关系,如吸烟、酗酒、不合理的膳食结构与运动量少等。因此加强政府的投入和提高人群的自我保健意识,是预防和控制慢性非传染性疾病的关键。

Objective To know the harm of the five kinds of chronic non - communicable diseases to health of human body and explore various risk factor. Methods 4483 patients who had been made a definite diagnosis of chronic non - communicable diseases（coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, cerbral infarction, malignant tumor, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases） in our hospital were included in the study. The patients were counted by the age, sex and professional. Results Male（57.06% ）, female（42.94% ） , Male： female = 1.33： 1. Diabetic （42.76%） occupied the first position. Then other diseases in order were coronary heart disease（ 16. 04% ） ,malignant tumor（ 15.17% ）, cerbral infarction（ 13. 18% ）and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases（ 12.85% ）. And diabetes mellitus, malignant tumor and coronary heart disease had the sign of making more youthful,of which the reports were more than others. The information of this case showed that there was much difference between rural areas and urban areas. Conclusion Besides hereditary factor and environment pollution, the mainly factor of the five kinds of chronic non - communicable diseases is the behavior of people, including smoking, drinking, unreasonable diet structure and less exercises etc. Therefore, to strengthen government investment in medical treatment and improve the self- heahh awareness of people is a key to prevent and control these diseases.