北美马铃薯新品种在福建冬种的表现

Performance of Some North America Developed Potato Cultivars Grown in Winter of Fujian

福建冬种马铃薯主栽品种为紫花851,该品种虽在福建种植表现高产稳产,但其薯块芽眼深,裂薯率偏高,干物质含量偏低,商品性较差,晚疫病的抗性减弱,生产上迫切需要高产优质抗病等各类新品种。本研究引进北美育成的6个马铃薯品种,以紫花851为对照,采用随机区组试验设计,评价它们在福州的植物学性状、生育期、块茎性状、总产量、商品薯产量及其抗病性。6个品种的生育期介于90～98d,其中生育期最长的为NY128。各品种抗性较好,干物质含量介于18.18%～21.18%之间,鲜薯产量每667m2介于1347.5～1924.0kg,其中Salem和CalWhite量较高,增产达显著水平,薯块大中薯率高,商品性好,可进一步进行示范试种。

Zihua 851 is a dominant potato cultivar grown in winter of Fujian. It is high yielding, but produces the tubers with deep eyes and low dry matter. Its weakness also includes high percentage of cracking tubers, low percentage of marketable yield, and decreasing late blight resistance. So, this province urgently needs some high yielding, high quality and disease resistant cuhivars in potato production. In this research, 6 potato cultivars, developed in North America, were introduced, and compared to Zihua 851 in a complete randomized block design for their botanical features, growth duration, tuber characters, total yield, marketable yield, and disease resistance in Fuzhou, Fujian. The growth duration of these cuhivars was between 90- 98 d, with NY128 being the longest. Some cultivars showed some resistance to diseases. Dry mater content of these cultivars ranged from 18.18%-21.18%, and yield ranged from 1 347.5- 1 924.0 kg based on 667m2 of land. Salem and CalWhite were high yielding with high percentage of large and medium sized tubers, therefore need further evaluation and demonstration.