北京山区天然林乔木树种种间联结与生态位研究

Interspecific Association and Niche Research of Natural Forest in Beijing Mountainous Area

应用Pearson相关系数和Spearman秩相关系数检验,研究了北京山区天然林群落13个乔木种群的种间关联(或相关)性,并对13种植物种群的生态位宽度和生态位重叠进行研究。结果表明:(1)在种间联结方面,山杨和色木槭、白桦和黒桦、白桦和色木槭、白桦和山杨、白蜡与胡桃楸等这些种群形成显著的正联结。在总的种群中,总体上呈现负联结趋势,呈极显著和显著正联结的种群所占比率较低,说明北京山区以天然次生林为主的森林群落仍然处于不断的发展演替过程之中。(2)在生态位方面,白桦、槲栎、白蜡、黑桦的生态位宽度较大,而色木槭、大果榆、山杏、侧柏的生态位宽度较小。(3)在生态位重叠指数中,白桦和山杨、色木槭和白桦、白蜡和胡桃楸、色木槭和山杨生态位重叠较大,而侧柏、槲栎、臭椿和大果榆与其他的多个主要树种的生态重叠指数较小。

Using the Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rank correlation coefficient, the interspecific association of 13 species in different communities in Beijing mountainous area were investigated, and the niche breadth and niche overlap of 13 species were studied. The results showed that significantly positive interspecific associations were found between Acer mono and Populus davidiana, Batula platyphylla and Betula dahurica, B. platyphylla and A. mono , B. platyphylla and P. davidiana, Fraxinus spp. and Juglans mandshurica. There existed a trend of negative interspecific association in all the speciespairs, the proportions most significant and significant association among species-pairs were low, indicating that Beijing mountainous area was still in the unceasing development succession process. In the aspect of niche, the niche breath of B. platyphylla, Quercus aliena, Fraxinus spp. , B. dahurica were big, but A. mono, Ulmus macrocarpa , Armeniaca sibirica , Platycladus orientalis were small. In inche overlaps, the niche overlop of B. platyphylla and P. davidiana, B. platyphylla and A. mono , B. platyphylla and J. mandshurica were big. Otherwise, P. orientalis, Q. aliena, Ailanthus altissima, U. macrocarpa with other species were small.