古尔班通古特沙漠南缘植物群落多样性的空间异质性

Spatial Heterogeneity on Species Diversity in Sorthern Gurbantunggut Desert

选取奎屯、石河子、奇台3地研究古尔班通古特沙漠南缘不同区域生物多样性特征，采用重要值作为多样性测度指标，计算多样性Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、均匀度Maintosh指数和优势度Simpson指数。根据物种的重要值，可将古尔班通古特沙漠南缘研究区植物群落划分为6种类型：梭梭群落、羽毛三芒草群落、柽柳群落、枇杷柴群落、猪毛莱群落和沙蒿群落。虽然6个群落中优势种具有不同的生态生物学特性，但从Simpson多样性指数上可以看出备群落差距并不大，变化在0．67-0．77之间，各群落物种均较丰富，优势种明显，优势度相差不大。由于从西到东自然条件的变化，从奎屯到石河子，再到奇台，物种多样性降低。

Three regions located in the southern marginal area of Gurbantunggut Desert were selected to investigate characteristics of biodiversity in different areas： Kuitun, Shihezi and Qitai. And importance value was used as the measuring index of biodiversity. The Simpson and Shannon-Wiener biodiversity indices, Maintosh evenness indices and Simpson dominance indices, were calculated. According to the importance value of dominant species, vegetation community in the southern Gurbantunggut Desert was divided into 6 types： Haloxylon ammodendron , Aristida pennata , Tarnarix chinensis, Reaurnuria songarica , Salsola collina, and Artemisia desertorm. Although dominant populations among 6 communities showed different bio-characteristics, little differences were found based on the Simpson diversity indices, varying from 0.67 to 0.77. All the 6 comunities were rich in plant species, and the dominant species were distinct within the cominity. There existed a trend that biodiversity decreased from the west to the east due to the changes of natural environment.