苹果园沼液配施钾肥对土壤酶活性及果实品质的影响

Effect of Application of Biogas Slurry with Potassium on Soil Enzyme Activity and Quality of Red Fuji Apple

以10 a生礼泉短富(Malus pumila)为试验材料,研究了沼液与钾肥配施对苹果园土壤酶活性和果实品质的影响。试验结果表明,苹果园土壤脲酶、转化酶、碱性磷酸酶活性随土层的加深而减弱,过氧化氢酶无明显的变化;追施沼液可不同程度的增加土壤脲酶、转化酶的活性,其中土壤脲酶活性增加的幅度最大;沼液配施钾肥对土壤碱性磷酸酶、转化酶有微弱的抑制作用;沼液配施钾肥可使果实着色率、单果重、硬度、可溶性固形物以及花青苷的含量均有不同程度的提高,使果实酸度降低。沼液50 kg.株-1+钾肥0.5 kg.株-1是提高苹果果实品质的最佳配肥方式。

Using 10-year-old apple trees （Malus pumila） as material, different treatments of biogas slurry with potassium on soil enzyme activity and fruit quality were studied. The results showed that： the activity of soil urease, invertase and alkali-phosphatase decreased along the depth of soil layer in orchard. There was no remarkable change of catalase activity in the soil profile. The activities of soil urease and invertase increased by applying the biogas slurry, and the urease activity increased significantly. There was a slight adverse effect of biogas slurry with potassium on the activity of soil alkali-phosphatase and invertase; There were promoting effect of combined application of biogas slurry with potassium on apple red fruit surface area, average single fruit weight, firmness, soluble solids and anthocyanin, but adverse effect was found on the titratable acidity. The optimal formulae to increase the fruit quality was： biogas slurry 50 kg/ tree and potassium 0. 5 kg/tree.