礼制“损益”与“百世可知”——孔庙释奠礼仪时代性问题省察

"Changes and Casting Lights on Descendants" of the Ceremony:Thinking on the Time Problems of the Temple Ceremony for the Worship of Confucius

从本质上讲,历代中国祭祀孔子,都是以其作为一个"文化符号"对待的,文庙祭祀礼仪当然首先在于尊崇孔子,同时,更为重要的,还在于尊重以孔子为代表的优秀传统文化。祭祀孔子儒家,就应当正确领会和把握孔子儒学的思想核心。孔子认为,每个朝代的礼制都有继承与创新的问题,世事变迁,礼法自有损益,但人与人之间的尊重、关怀与和谐,君臣父子上下等的礼法纲常绝不会变。孔庙释奠礼仪作为传统社会的重要礼制,自形成之日以来,也有一个"变"与"不变"的辩证发展的过程,今日思考与确定孔庙释奠礼仪,应当保持传统祭祀仪典内涵,同时也要充分考虑现代社会的具体特征。

In order to worship Confucius,we should learn the core of Confucianism.Confucius said that there were problems of inheritance and innovation in the ceremony in each dynasty,and ceremony changed more or less with time passed.But respect between people,to care about others and harmonious idea,ethical relations between monarch and subject as well as father and son,would not change.As a kind of important ceremony of traditional society,temple ceremony is a continuously developing process accords with a dialectics.Today we must hold the essence of the traditional ceremony,at the same time,we should consider the characteristic feature of modern society.