“两种自由”理念——以赛亚·伯林的自由哲学简析

Two Kinds of Liberty——An Initial Study on Isaiah Berlin's Idea of Freedom Philosophy

自由主义是近几个世纪以来世界政治哲学的核心概念,而西方政治哲学三十余年的发展则主要是在以赛亚·伯林(Isaiah Berlin)的消极自由与积极自由二分法的理论框架之中展开的。不管是社群主义的崛起,还是晚近的公民共和主义(尽管提出了第三种自由概念),都没有完全走出这种二元"自由观"的藩篱。积极自由固然重要,但免于受迫的自由在价值多元化的今天更应受到各种权力组织的重视,否则必然造成"羊"的受伤害。

Liberalism is the core conception of political philosophy during the past several centuries. And the development of western political philosophy in the past thirty years is based on Berlin＇s distinction theory on pozitive liberty and negative liberty. Both the developing communalism and recent civil republicanism did not get out of rules of it. To conclude, facing the various values today, negative freedom is more worthy being paid attention than positive freedom by governments, or ＂sheep＂ will be strongly destroyed.