发动机活塞和缸套材料及其加工工艺研究现状

Research actualities on materials and processes of engine piston parts and cylinder liner

为了提高汽车发动机的燃油效率,减少尾气排放,势必对活塞和缸套在选材和加工方面提出更高要求。该文作者系统论述现代车用发动机活塞、活塞环以及缸套的材料及加工工艺的研究现状及发展趋势,并对其性能、优缺点进行分析。活塞和缸套的材料以铝合金为主,而活塞环则以铸铁为主,并且分别朝着复合材料和多元高合金铸铁的方向发展;主要通过铸造和表面处理来加工活塞、活塞环以及缸套。

For improving fuel efficiency and reducing exhaust emission, it is necessary to enhance the demands for materials selection and machining of the engine piston and cylinder liner. In the present paper, the research actualities and problems focused on materials and machining technologies of motors engine piston, piston ring and cylinder liner are reviewed. The development trend of the materials and process on engine piston parts and cylinder liner is discussed. And the performance, advantages and disadvantages of the engine piston parts and cylinder liner are also analyzed and discussed. The engine piston and cylinder liner are usually made of aluminum alloys while the piston ring is usually made of cast iron. In addition, both of the materials above are tending to composites and multiple high-alloy cast iron. The processing technologies of engine piston, piston ring and cylinder liner are mainly based on casting and surface treatment at the moment and for the near future.